Word buzz: Icing on the cake

I’ve got a bone to pick with you: Used to convey that the person has a complaint against someone.

Icing on the cake: It is used to refer to something good that happens after something good has already taken place.

If I had a nickel for every time that happened, I would be rich: Used to indicate that something happens very often.

If the cap/shoe fits, wear it: It is used to tell someone that if they have behaved badly they should also be ready to accept criticism for it.

If wishes were horses, beggars would ride: If wishes could make things happen, even the poorest would simply wish and get all that they want, meaning it is not easy to get what you wish for.

If you are given lemons, make lemonade: Try and make the best out of a bad situation.

If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen: If you can’t handle the pressure of a situation, then remove yourself from that situation.

If you fly with the crows, you get shot with the crows: If you associate yourself with a high risk or high profile situation or person, along with the benefits of the situation you should be ready to accept the consequences if things go wrong.

If you lie down with dogs, you will get up with fleas: It means if you keep bad company, you should accept the negative
consequences too.

If you lie down with the devil, you will wake up in hell: Keeping bad company will always lead to bad consequences.

Ill-gotten gains: Money or profits made illegally.

In a cleft stick: To be in a difficult situation.

In a fix: In trouble.

In a flash: Very quickly.

In a fog: To be in a daze or confused situation.

idiomatic Phrases

Hold all the aces: To be in a very advantageous position.

Hold the fort: To look after or take care of something while the responsible person is away.

Hold your horses: When someone tells you this, it means you are going too fast and need to slow down.

Hold your own: To compete or perform as well as others can.

Hold your tongue: To remain silent despite the urge to speak up.

Holier-than-thou: To believe to be holier-than-thou is to believe to be morally superior to others.

Honour among thieves: Even corrupt and bad people have a sense or code of honour/justice that they follow in their dealings with one another.

Holy smoke!: An expression of surprise.

Home and hearth: Warmth and security.

Hope against hope: To hope for something even when there is little hope or chance.
Hope in hell: When something does not stand a chance of being successful.

Hornet’s nest: To stir a hornet’s nest is to start something that causes a lot of disruption and disturbance.

Hot potato: A controversial issue that no one wants to deal with.

Hot under the collar: To be angry or disturbed.

House of cards: Something that is very weak and can easily collapse.

Humming and harring: To be humming and harring is to be unable to make up your mind about something.

Hunky Dory: When something is hunky dory, it is absolutely fine and satisfactory

 Any honest attempt to study a problem systematically”
 “To add to mans knowledge of a problem may be regarded as research"(Theodor son and Theodor son 1969)
 Research is a systematic process of discovery and advancement of human knowledge"
 "Systematic organization towards increasing the sum of knowledge” (Cambridge 20th Edition
 "Careful study or investigation, in order to discover new fact or information" (oxford Dictionary)
 “a process of careful and systematic inquiry " or
 Systematic work is called science"
What is Scientific Research
The combination of deductive and inductive method is called scientific Research”
Cafe”
c—complexity Smart
A:access S---specific
F:facility M-- measurable
E: expertise A-- avoidable
T—time bound
Descriptive Research:
“Descriptive research describes a particular phenomenon, focusing upon the issue of what is happening , rather than why it is happening”.
Types:
Exploratory Research: to find out uncovered issue
Exploratory research takes place when there is little or no previous knowledge about a problem or phenomenon >
Explanatory Research:
This type of Research involves in Explaining why something happens.
Types of Research “
Deductive:
When we come to the result General to Specific. is called deductive
Inductive:
When we come from Specific to General
Experimental Research:
In which tow variables use dependent and independent is called experimental. In experimental research the researcher can manipulate Treatments to cause things to happen.
I.e. cause and effect situation can be established
What is difference?
Applied: applied research is undertaken to solve a specific problem or provide a solution to particular question.
Basic:
Basic research is done for the sake of gaining the knowledge.
Benefits/significance:
\why undertakes the Research:
 To upgrade knowledge
 Investigate some existing situations or problems.
 Provide solutions to a problem
 Explore and analyze more general issues.
 To construct or create a new procedure or system.
 To explain a new phenomenon.
 A combination of two or more of above.
Steps of The Scientific Method:
1. Selection of Topic
2. Reviewing the Literature.
3. Development of theoretical and Conceptual Framework.
4. Clarifications of Research Question/ Hypothes
5. Research Design
6. Data collection
7. Data analysis
8. Drawing Conclusions.
9. Popular issue
10. Your own personal interest
11. Social concern.

Qualities of Research Topic:
Area of interest must be seen .
Ethics must not be violated .
The topic must be testable.
Must have relevant literature. About the topic
You must need the qualified person.
You must have the resources
You must have the tools.
You must have enough time.
Sources:
Net, library, media, society, discussions, books, journals.
Researcher’s qualities:
Have time
Have good knowledge.
Personal interest.
An honest person.
Courage.
Can use tools and techniques.
Concepts:
Concepts are general expressions of particular phenomenon “
A concept is the relationship between the word and idea.
“an idea or a principle that is connected with terms.
Primitive Term:
These cannot be described to because using other terms
Example: Stone, hope.
Derived Term:
These can be described by the use of primitive terms.
Example: Group, business, organisation.
Car—primitive
Meeting –primitive
Railway line—derived
Doctor— primitive.
Neighborhood—derived
Abstract Conepts are those concepts that are completely independent on a specific time or place”
Concreate Concepts :
“If a concept is specific to a particular time or place, then it considered concrete.
Parameters:
Are defined in the boudries are called parameters. It value can be changed.





Scales:
Nominal scale
Orinal scale.
Interval scale.
Ratio Scale
Nominal scale:
“ a nominal scale is used to name or label things or categories. “
Ordinal Scale:
“an ordinal scale orders or rank thing.
Interval Scale:
Numbers represents equal units b/w measurements.
It is possible to say that how much better one may than other. There is no true zero point.
Ratio Scales:
“a ratio scale is an interval scale
Constants:
“Those Values which cannot be changed during research process are called constants”
Or
“a constant is a characteristic or a condition that is the same for all the observed units or subject of study.
It is same for all the observed units.
School, Team, Coach Play ground. Be constants.
Variables:
Often changing, likely to change”
Or”
“These things which can be changed during the research process are called variables”.
Or

“Qualities properties, or characteristics a person, thing or situations that are manipulated or measured in research.
Variable=measured + varies.
Types of Variables:
Independent Variable. (x)
Dependent variable. (y)
Discrete and continuous variable.
Quantitative Variable.
Active Variable.
Assigned Variable.
Extraneous Variable.
Independent Variable: ]
Those values which are chosen or set by the Researcher are called independent variables. (Teaching method).
Dependent Variables:
The variables whose values you observed and record in in experimental design is called the dependent variables. (Students performance)
Extraneous Variable:
“Extraneous Variable are those which may effect qualities
ex: love, bad sad,
Quantitive Variable:
are those which are measured through the values.
Example: Distance, speed, temperature, weight, pulse rate,
Hypothesis :
the hypothesis is the expected result.
the anticipated outcome of a study or experiment.
an educated guess is called hypothesis .
It is a statement or sentence of about you not sure it is true or false.
A hypothesis is suggested explanantion

idiomatic Phrases

Hit rock bottom: To reach a very low point, where things can’t get worst.

Hit rough weather: To face or experience difficulties.

Hit the books: To study.

Hit the bull’s eye: To be absolutely right about something or to achieve the best desired result.

Hit the ceiling: To get very angry.

Hit the dirt: To fall or duck down to avoid something.

Hite ground running: thTo start a new thing in a very dynamic way.

Hit the hay: To go to bed.

Hit the mark: To be right about something.

Hit the right note: To speak or act in a way that it has a positive effect on people.

Hit the road: To leave a place to go or shift somewhere else.

Hive of worker bees: A group of people working hard in a well-coordinated manner.

Best idiomatic dictionary

Have a trick up your sleeve: To have a secret plan which you will use at the right time.

Have your cake and eat it too: To have or want more than one can handle or deserves; or to wish for everything their way,
even if the wishes are contradictory.

Have your fill: To be fed up of someone or something.

Have your tail up: To be optimistic.

Have your work cut out: To be very busy.

He who hesitates is lost: Waiting too long can make a person lose an opportunity.

Head for the hills: To run away from trouble or problems.

Head is in the clouds: To be unrealistic.

Head nor tail: Not to be able to make head or tail out of something is not to be able to make any sense of it.

Head on the block: To be held responsible for something that has gone wrong.

Heads will roll: People are going to be punished or sacked for something that has gone wrong.

Hear a pin drop: This idiom is used to refer to complete silence in a place, when you can even hear the sound of a pin dropping.

Hear on the grapevine: To get to know something through rumours or gossip.

Heart in the right place: To be good deep inside even if sometimes the person may not appear to be so.

Heart in your boots: Very unhappy.

Heart in your mouth: To be very scared and nervous.

Heart misses a beat: To be suddenly shocked and stunned by something.

Heart of glass: To be a very emotional person.

Heart-to-heart: A frank and honest conversation between two people.

Heavy-handed: To use excessive force or strictness in dealing with someone or something.

Hedge your bets: Not to risk all you have on one thing but try other options too.

Hide nor hair: Not to have seen the hide or hair of someone is to have seen no trace of that person.

High and dry: To be left all alone with no help.

High and low: To search high and low for something or someone is to search everywhere.

High-wire act: A very risky and dangerous plan, task or activity.

Himalayan blunder: A very serious mistake.

Hit a nerve: When something or someone causes a person to feel hurt, more so emotionally than physically

IDIOMS

Hairy at the heel: A dangerous or untrustworthy person.

Hale and hearty: A healthy person.

Half a loaf is better than no bread: It is better to get only a part of something that you need or want than not get anything at all.

Half a mind: To think about doing something but have yet to reach a decision about it.

Half-baked: Something which is unplanned.

Hand in glove: People who are hand in glove are as close as a hand is to a glove.

Hand in hand: To do things together, in a well-coordinated manner.

Hand to mouth: To be very poor.

Hang by a thread: To have a very small chance of survival or success.

Hard act to follow: When something is a hard act to follow, it means it is too good for anyone else to match or impossible to
replace.

Hard as nails: To be very tough, especially used for a hard-hearted person.
b Bad or hard luck.

Hard of hearing: To have a hearing problem or be a bit deaf.

Hard on someone’s heels: To closely follow or chase someone.

Hard sell: To hard sell is to put a lot of pressure on someone to do or buy something.

Hard to come by: When something is difficult to find.

Hard up: To be short of money.

Haste makes waste: When something is done quickly and without proper planning, it is likely to go to waste or not according to your desire.

Haul someone over the coals: To reprimand someone severely.

Have a blast: To have a lot of fun.

Have a ripper: To have a ripper of a time is to enjoy yourself

essay on terrorism

The outlines
1. Introduction
2. Background
a. historical references
b. peoples’ approach towards it in different times
3. What terrorism is?
4. Tactics of terrorists.
a. bombing
b. suicide attacks
c. target killing
d. kidnapping
5. who is a terrorist ?
a. difference in freedom fighter and terrorist
6. Current situation of the world/post 9/11 scenario
7. America’s policy a failure
8. War on terror and Pakistan
9. Propaganda against Islam
a . a religion of peace
b. a few quranic references
c. jidh is not terrorism
10. current situation in Pakistan
a. innocent people are losing lives
b. social impacts
c psychological effects
d . economical effects
11. Pakistan and world.
12. What makes a man terrorist?
a. poverty
b. illiteracy
c. unemployment
d. frustration
e. wrong interpretation of religion
13. Remedies
a. to walk with 1000’s of guards is not solution
b. the grievances of depressed must b redressed
14. Conclusion
all are requested tocomment.